Insurance Glossary Reference
Please go to American Insurance Association http://www.aiadc.org/aiapub/landing.aspx?m=3&v=220&docid=308422
Policy & PolicyHolder
Policy: The name generally used to mean the written contract of insurance. Policyholder: One who owns an insurance policy. A mortgage often is issued a copy of an insurance policy or certificate of insurance at the request of the insured, but it is not a policyholder.
Broker v.s. Agent v.s. Producer
While brokers are traditionally described as agents of the policyholder and insurance agents as agents of insurers, this separation is more a matter of emphasis than a watertight division. Both agents and brokers often perform services such as record keeping and modeling for insurers,provide advice to clients on selecting insurers, and assist with claims settlement. …
HSA & FSA
A health savings account (HSA), is a tax-advantaged medical savings account available to taxpayers in the United States who are enrolled in a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP). The funds contributed to the account are not subject to federal income tax at the time of deposit Flexible spending accounts or arrangements (FSA) – Accounts offered …
Medical underwriting
Medical underwriting means that an insurance company can look at your health history and medical records
HMO & PPO
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): An HMO is a type of health plan that provides a network of doctors, other health care professionals, hospitals, laboratories and other related services. You usually have to select from providers within your HMO’s network or the care you receive won’t be covered by your health insurance. The HMO may provide …
Individual Plans
Individual Plans are a good alternative if you are not able to get coverage through your employer.
Medicare
Medicare— a Federal program which provides medical insurance for people over 65 and for those who are permanently disabled. Contact your local Social Security Office for a copy of the current Medicare handbook. Medicaid— (Called MediCal in California) is funded jointly by state and federal governments but administered by each state. Medicaid provides medical assistance …
COBRA
COBRA, or the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, was passed in 1986. COBRA contains health benefit provisions that protect one’s group health insurance coverage when employment is terminated or when one loses his or her coverage for another reason. Other reasons may include divorce from a covered employee, death of a covered employee, or when …
Jester的独特之处
Jester是一款用来检查测试覆盖性的工具，它与其它类似工具的不同之处在于：其它测试工具的检测指标是每行被测代码是否被执行，而Jester则是通过一种奇怪的模式：改变一下被测代码的逻辑，执行一下测试用例，如果仍能全部通过，则表示测试有遗漏。 这种逻辑很古怪，但仔细想想就会发现它的合理之处，本文就不提了。 但是这种逻辑比起传统逻辑，即检测每行被测代码是否被执行的逻辑，到底强在哪里呢？一般来说，如果每行代码都被执行到了，那测试自然就完备了。 我被这个问题几乎搞得睡不着觉。由于智商太低，数理逻辑也不扎实，怎么想也想不出来。就当我要放弃的时候，灵感终于来了，我终于明白: 传统工具虽然可以找到未被测试的代码，但未必能找到未被测试的程序逻辑；为什么呢？因为有的逻辑是隐式的，而不是通过代码显式声明的。 举一个例子就能说明这个问题： 测试用例： List resultList = ….; testee.do(3,resultList); assertTrue(resultList.size() == 1) 被测代码： //Testee public void do(int index,Collection resultList){ if(index >= 3){ resultList.add(new Object()); } } 被测代码只有一个If/Then逻辑。如果用传统检测工具来检查，那覆盖率肯定是100%，一切都很好。 但用jester来检查，jester就会报错。因为把 if(index >= 3) 变成 if(true || (index >= 3))后，测试用例仍然可以绿色通过。 这是为什么？ 因为jester期望测试用例能够考虑到 index < 3的情况。只有考虑到了index < 3的情况，在 if(index >= 3) 变成 if(true || (index >= …